Sesbania is one of the most effective biological tools for improving degraded soils. Its deep root system penetrates compacted layers, while its nitrogen-fixing ability adds 80-200 kg N/ha to the soil. The incorporated biomass increases soil organic matter by 0.3-0.5% in a single season.
Beyond nitrogen, sesbania green manuring improves soil physical properties — increasing water-holding capacity by 15-25%, reducing bulk density, and enhancing aggregate stability. The decaying root channels create macropores that improve drainage in heavy clay soils and water retention in sandy soils.
Sesbania is particularly valuable for rehabilitating saline and sodic soils. Its tolerance to electrical conductivity levels up to 8 dS/m and its root exudates help in mobilizing soil calcium, which displaces sodium from exchange sites. Multiple seasons of sesbania green manuring can reclaim moderately salt-affected lands.
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